In summary, the main limiting factor of the contour method is the need for symmetry about the cut plane or, equivalently, the fact that only stresses associated with normal components of tractions can be identified. However, noise effects may be mitigated through averaging and filtering. Hence, noise in the measurements is also differentiated leading to an amplification of errors. To see this, notice that stresses are proportional to strains, which in turn are computed by differentiating displacements. Second, because measured displacements are enforced as boundary conditions, measurement noise can propagate, in a potentially amplified fashion, to the residual stress solution in a neighborhood of the cut surface. First, in the countour method, the body has to be symmetric with respect to the cut plane to suppress the influence of shear stresses through the averaging of the measured contours. There are a couple of limitations with the contour method that we will try to overcome with our proposed method. We want to emphasize that our goal is to develop a new methodology for measuring residual stress rather than augment previous ones. Digital image correlation has been combined with some of these existing methods such as hole drilling. The hole-drilling method is semidestructive and makes minor perturbations on a larger structure, making it more attractive, although it can only determine stress fields close to the specimen surface. For example, although the layer removal and sectioning methods can determine stresses throughout the body, these methods may lead to challenging experimental situations related to cutting and measuring complex specimens. For many of these cases, the specimen geometry and the type of cut made correspond with the particular method, and they each have varying degrees of specimen damage and amount of stress information recovered. These methods include layer removal, sectioning, hole drilling, slitting, and most recently, the contour method. Relaxation-based methods for determining residual stress have a rich and well-developed history. Because DIC is able to capture both in-plane and out-of-plane displacements, this information is used by the proposed method to invert for all traction components. Finally, in our proposed method, we can estimate all traction components and hence all components of stress. In addition, we note that DIC obtains high-resolution and dense data over a relatively large surface area, thus capable of providing the generalized inversion method with as much information as possible and making the method more robust. Data can be gathered on any surface as long as the surface is observable. The second advantage is that using DIC offers flexibility in choosing cut and measurement locations. The other caveat is that the measured DIC data must actually contain some notion of the released residual stress for example, the data must record some sufficient deformation. First, the geometry must have an accurate finite element (FE) model and is conducive for DIC measurements. By sufficiently observable, we mean two things. First, the generalized inversion method can be used on arbitrary geometries, provided that the geometry is sufficiently observable.
Our proposed method has several advantages. Journal of Verification, Validation and Uncertainty Quantification.Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications.Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering.Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science.Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnostics and Prognostics of Engineering Systems.Journal of Nanotechnology in Engineering and Medicine.Journal of Micro and Nano-Manufacturing.Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering.
Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology.Journal of Engineering for Sustainable Buildings and Cities.Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power.
Journal of Engineering and Science in Medical Diagnostics and Therapy.Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage.Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control.Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering.Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics.Journal of Autonomous Vehicles and Systems.ASME Letters in Dynamic Systems and Control.ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part B: Mechanical Engineering.Mechanical Engineering Magazine Select Articles.
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